The following helps you grab a high level overview of SSL/TLS.
Understanding SSL/TLS
https://computing.ece.vt.edu/~jkh/Understanding_SSL_TLS.pdf
Simple Math to remember
Assume e, d, n are properly chosen,
c = m^e mod n
m = c^d mod n
Where
c = cypher text
m = message
e = 65537 (in most implementation)
d = private key
n = public key
